Demography : Ethnic In Sarawak

There is more than 20 ethnic in sarawak,me myself maybe know maybe ten of it.based from some article about sarawak,there is 28 ethnic in Sarawak..mm..i listed what i know here just for my own information etc etc.All these ethnic divide into three ..

• Dayak Laut (Sea Dayak
• Dayak Darat ( Land Dayak)
• Orang Ulu (Upriver people)

Each part have sub many other races or dialect,take example Orang Ulu ( kayan,kenyah,kelabit etc etc)

1. Iban
2. Melayu (Malay)
3. Bidayuh (Bukar Sadong, Biatah,Jagoi )
4. Melanau Mukah
5. Melanau Bintulu (Baie)
6. Kayan
7. Kenyah
8. Penan
9. Kelabit
10. LunBawang (southern Murut)
11. Berawan
12. Kiput
13. Bakong
14. Kedayan
15. Mirik (Merek)
16. Dalek
17. Narum
18. Bisaya
19. Punan
20. Selakau
21. Penan Tanah
22. Belait
23. Saban
24. Bukitan ( also known as Baketan,extinct and now mix mith malay and Iban )
25. Ukit (almot extinct as mix with other tribe)
26. Sian
27. Kejaman
28. Sekapan
29. Lahanan
30. Bahau
31. seru (absorb and mix with malay and iban)
32. Dayak Kajang
33. Dayak Lara
34. Kanowit (absorb and mix with Iban)
    

Each of this ethnic have their own dialect and culture,even maybe some of the dialect and culture different,hence there are some parts of the language and culture same...each ethnic also have different dialect and the dialect maybe have some simmiliarity with other dialect..

The Ethnis,the location and the language

BALAU (BALA'U) Southwest Sarawak, southeast of Simunjan. Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayic-Dayak, Ibanic. May be intelligible with Iban.

BERAWAN Tutoh and Baram rivers in the north. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower Baram, Berawan. Dialects: BATU BLA (BATU BELAH), WEST BERAWAN, LONG PATA, LONG TERAWAN, LONG JEGAN.

BIATAH (KUAP, QUOP, BIKUAB, SENTAH) Sarawak, 1st Division, Kuching District, 10 villages. Also in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Land Dayak. Dialects: SIBURAN, STANG (SITAANG, BISITAANG), TIBIA. 71% lexical similarity with Singgi. Siburan is the prestige dialect. 'Bidayuh' is a political cover term fo all Sarawak Land Dayak groups plus Selako. Speakers cannot understand Bukar Sadong, Silakau, or Bidayuh from Indonesia. 45% literate. Radio broadcasts in Biatah. 'Siburan' is speakers' name for themselves. Agriculturalists: sago, wet rice, vegetables, fruit, rubber, pepper; animal husbandry: pigs, poultry; government employees. Christian, Muslim , traditional religion.

BINTULU Northeast coast around Sibuti, west of Niah, around Bintulu, and two enclaves west. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Bintulu. Could also be classified as in Baram-Tinjar Subgroup or as an isolate within Rejang-Baram Group. Not close to other languages. Coastal.

BISAYA, SARAWAK (BISAYAH, BISAYA BUKIT, VISAYAK, BEKIAU, LORANG BUKIT) Southeast of Marudi, 5th Division. Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Bisaya, Southern. Dialects: LOWER BISAYA, MID BISAYA, UPPER BISAYA. 58% lexical similarity with Sabah Bisaya, 78% to 79% with Brunei Bisaya, and lower with other Dusunic languages or any other language in Sabah. Radio broadcasts. Access by boat, road. Radio broadcasts. Agriculturalists: hill and wet rice, fruit, vegetables, rubber; sago palm; animal husbandry: water buffalo; fishermen. Christian, Muslim, traditional religion. Bible portions 1938.

BUKAR SADONG (SADONG, BUKA, BUKAR, TEBAKANG, SERIAN, SABUTAN, SEPUTAN, SAPUTAN) . Serian 1st Division, Sarawak, 30 or more villages. Also Indonesia.Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Land Dayak. Dialects: BUKAR BIDAYUH (BIDAYUH, BIDAYAH), BUKAR SADONG, MENTUH TAPUH. Radio broadcasts in Bukar Sadong. 57% lexical similarity with Bahasa Malaysia. Work in progress.

BUKITAN (BAKITAN, BAKATAN, BEKETAN, MANGKETTAN, MANKETA, PAKATAN) Kapit, 7th Division. Also Kalimantan, Indonesia. Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang. Christian. Survey needed.

DARO-MATU . Matu River from north channel of Rejang River to the sea, around Daro and Matu.Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Melanau. Dialects: DARO, MATU. May be intelligible with Melanau. Survey needed.

IBAN (SEA DAYAK) From Sadong River north to Bintulu, Sibu, one village in Tawau District of Sabah, and west and northern Kalimantan, Indonesia. Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayic Dayak, Ibanic. Dialects: BATANG LUPAR, BUGAU, SEKARANG (SKARANG), DAU, LEMANAK, ULU AL, UNDUP. Largest language group in Sarawak. 35% literate (1980). Iban taught in some primary schools. Dialect of Second Division is the norm for literature. Radio broadcasts. Typology: SVO. Agriculturalists: dry and wet rice, fruit, rubber; fishermen. . Bible 1988. NT 1933-1952. Bible portions 1864-1968.

JAGOI (SARAWAK DAYAK, JAGGOI, BAU-JAGOI) Bau, 1st Division, Sadong, Samarahan and Lundu rivers, about 20 villages. Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Land Dayak. Dialects: GROGO, SENTENGGAU JAGOI, KROKONG, GUMBANG, SERAMBAU (SERAMBO), EMPAWA, ASSEM, SINGGE (SINGGAI, SINGGI, SINGGIE, SINGHI, BISINGAI), SUTI, TENGOH, DONGAY, TAUP (TAHUP). 69% lexical similarity with Bukar Sadong. Related to Singgi, Tringus, Taup. Radio broadcasts in the language. Work in progress.

KAJAMAN (KAYAMAN, KEJAMAN) Near Belaga on the Baloi River in central Sarawak, 7th Division. Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang. May be intelligible with Sekapan. Limited comprehension of Iban. Survey needed.

KANOWIT [ Middle Rejang River, below Tanjong language, 3rd Division. Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Melanau. Being absorbed by Iban. Survey needed.

KAYAN, BARAM (BARAM KAJAN) Baram River area, Upper Sarawak. Not in Brunei. Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Kayan-Murik, Kayan. Dialects: LONG ATIP, LONG AKAHSEMUKA. Access by river. Trade language. Agriculturalists: wet and dry rice, sweet potatoes, bananas, tobacco, sugarcane, maize, rubber; hunters; fishermen; rattan sellers, beeswax, camphor. Christian, traditional religion. Bible 1990. NT 1970. Bible portions 1956-1965.

KAYAN, MURIK Below Long Miri (Banyuq) and below Lio Mato (Semiang) on the Baram River. Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Kayan-Murik, Murik. Dialects: LONG BANYUQ (BANYUQ), LONG SEMIANG (SEMIANG). Not closely related to other languages. Survey needed.

KAYAN, REJANG (REJANG KAJAN) Rejang, Balui river areas. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Kayan-Murik, Kayan. Dialects: MA'AGING, LONG BADAN, UMA DARO, LONG KEHOBO (UMA POH), UMA JUMAN, LONG MURUN, LONG GENG, LEMENA, LISUM. Limited comprehension of Baram Kayan. Survey needed.

KELABIT (KALABIT, KERABIT) Northern Sarawak, in the remotest and highest of Borneo mountains. Also in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic. Dialects: BRUNG, LIBBUNG, LEPU POTONG, BARIO, LON BANGAG. Speakers highly educated, strongly independent. Inaccessible by river because of rapids. Agriculturalists: paddy and hill rice, maize, tapioca, pineapple, pumpkin, cucumber, beans, fruits; hunters; fishermen. Christian. Bible portions 1965.

KENYAH, BAKUNG (BAKONG, BAKUNG, BAKUNG KENYA) [BOC] 2,000 in all countries (?) (1981 Wurm and Hattori). South central, near Kalimantan border. Mainly in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah. Dialect: OGA BAKUNG. Muslim. Survey needed.

KENYAH, SEBOB (SIBOP, SEBOP, SEBOB, SABUP, SAMBUP) [SIB] 1,730 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). On the upper Tinjar River in northern Sarawak, 4th Division, between the Rejang and Baram rivers, several large villages. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah, Sebob. Dialects: TINJAR SIBOP, LIRONG, LONG POKUN, BAH MALEI (BA MALI), LONG ATUN, LONG EKANG (LONG IKANG), LONG LUYANG. Not closely related to other languages. Muslim (Lirong).

KENYAH, TUTOH (TUTOH KENYA) [TTW] 600 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Northeast, Tutoh River. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah. Dialects: LONG WAT, LONG LABID, LUGAT. Not closely related to other languages.

KENYAH, UPPER BARAM (UPPER BARAM KENJA, KENJA, KENYAH, KINJIN, KINDJIN, KANYAY) [UBM] 2,660 in all countries (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Upper Baram River near the Kalimantan border. Also in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Not in Brunei. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah, Main Kenyah. Survey needed.

KENYAH, WESTERN (WESTERN KENYA, KENJA, KINJIN, KINDJIN, KANYAY) [XKY] 1,250 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Balui, Belaga, Kalua, and Kemena rivers. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah, Main Kenyah. Dialects: LONG BANGAN, KEMENA PENAN, KAKUS PENAN, UMA BAKAH (LONG BULAN), LUNAN. 80% lexical similarity between Madang and Lepu Kulit. Madang may be a dialect. 25% literate. Agriculturalists: wet and dry rice, sweet potatoes, bananas, tobacco, sugar cane, maize, rubber; hunters; fishermen. Christian, some Muslim. Survey needed.

KIPUT (LONG KIPUT) [KYI] 2,460 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Northeast around Marudi. Not in Brunei. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower Baram, Lower Baram, Central, A. Dialects: KIPUT, LEMITING. Related to Narom, Lelak, Tutong 2, Belait, and Berawan. Muslim. Survey needed.

LAHANAN (LANUN, LANAN) [LHN] 350 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Central, east of Belaga, southwest of Long Murum. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang. Not the same as Illanun of Sabah or Iranun of the Philippines. Closest to Kayaman. Survey needed.

LARA' (LURU) [LRA] 12,000 in all countries (1981). Two small villages on Pasir River, Lundu, 1st Division, Also Kalimantan, Indonesia. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Land Dayak. Related to Bukar-Sadong.

LELAK [LLK] 220 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Northeast, east of Sibuti (Dali) and the Tinjar River (Lelak). Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower Baram, Lower Baram, Central, B. Dialects: LELAK, DALI. Related to Narom, Kiput, Tutong 2, Berawan. Muslim. Survey needed.

LUNDAYEH (LUN DAYAH, LUN DAYE, LUN DAYEH, LUN DAYA, LUN DAYOH, LUNDAYA, LUN LOD, SOUTHERN MURUT) [LND] 10,000 in Lun Bawang dialect in Sarawak (1987); 2,800 in Lun Daye in Sabah (1982 SIL); 25,000 in Kalimantan, Indonesia (1987); 450 in Brunei (1987); 38,250 in all countries. Southwestern border of Sabah and Sarawak. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic. Dialects: LUN BAWANG (SARAWAK MURUT), LUN DAYAH, ADANG, BALAIT (TABUN, TRENG), KOLUR, PADAS, TRUSAN (LAWAS, LIMBANG), LEPU POTONG. Not Murutic, although sometimes called Southern Murut. Radio broadcasts. Agriculturalists: wet and dry rice, coffee, sugar cane, maize, cucumber, pumpkin, tapioca, coconut, banana, pomelo, papaya, durian, mango; animal husbandry: chicken, pigs, buffaloes; hunters, fishermen. Christian (Lunbawang and some Lundayeh), traditional religion (others). Bible 1982. NT 1962. Bible portions 1947.

MADANG (BADANG, MEDANG, MALANG, LEPO TAU KENYAH, LEPO TAU KENYA) [MQD] Tinjar River, 4th Division. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Kenyah, Sebob. May be intelligible with Sebob Kenyah. 25% literate. Christian. NT 1978. Bible portions 1957.

MELANAU (MILANAU, MILANO, BELANA'U) [MEL] 25,320 in all countries (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Coastal area of the Rejang delta up to the Balingian River, 3rd Division. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Melanau. Dialects: MUKAH-OYA (MUKAH, MUKA, OYA, OYA', OGA), BALINGIAN, BRUIT, DALAT (DALAD), IGAN, SARIKEI, SEGAHAN, PREHAN, SEGALANG, SERU, SITENG. 52% literate. Tropical forest. Agriculturalists: sago, rice, coconut, rubber; fishermen; loggers; animal husbandry: chickens, goats, water buffalos; traders with Iban. Traditional religion, Muslim, Christian, secular.

MILIKIN Southwest, south of Simunjan. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayic-Dayak, Ibanic. Survey needed.

NAROM (NARUM) [NRM] 2,420 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). South of the mouth of the Baram River around Miri and to the south. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower Baram, Lower Baram, Central, B. Dialects: NAROM, MIRI. Survey needed.

OKOLOD (KOLOUR, KOLUR, KOLOD, OKOLOD MURUT) [KQV] 1,000 in Sarawak; 100 to 200 in Sabah (1987 SIL); 2,000 to 3,500 in all countries (1985 SIL). Sabah southwest of Tenom and Sipitang districts on some of the plantation estates and some along the headwaters of the Padas River. Primarily in Sarawak and Kalimantan, Indonesia. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Murutic, Murut. 82% lexical similarity with Okolod of Sabah; 70% with Pensiangan Murut (Tagal), 34% with Lundayeh. 1 school in Sarawak. Traditional religion, Christian. Work in progress.

PUNAN BAH-BIAU Central, around Merit, Rejang River, 7th Division. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Rejang-Sajau. Dialects: PUNAN BAH (PUNAN BA), PUNAN BIAU. Nomadic. They get salt from the Kayan. Hunter-gatherers. Survey needed.

PUNAN BATU 1 [PNM] 50 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Central, west of Long Geng, southeast of Belaga. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang. May be intelligible with Bukitan. Distinct from Punan Batu 2, a dialect of Sajau Basap in Kalimantan. Nomadic. They get salt from the Kayan. Hunter-gatherers. Survey needed.

PUNAN-NIBONG (PENAN, NIBONG, NIBON) [PNE] 9,000 in Sarawak (1988 Lian); 50 in Brunei (1988); 9,050 in all countries. Upper Baram and Balui rivers around Mt. Dulit, 3 villages, 4th to 7th Divisions, and Nibong branch of the Lobong River, a tributary of the Tinjar River. Also in Brunei. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Punan-Nibong. Dialects: NIBONG, BOK PUNAN (BOK), PUNAN SILAT, PUNAN GANG (GANG), PUNAN LUSONG (LUSONG), PENAN APO, SIPENG (SPENG), PUNAN LANYING, JELALONG PUNAN. Not closely related to other languages. Traditionalists are nomadic and semi-nomadic; Muslims are settled. Schools. Tropical forest. Subsistence agriculturalists, hunter-gatherers. Muslim, traditional religion. NT 1974, out of print. Bible portions 1958-1967.

SA'BAN [SNV] 1,000 in all countries (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Northeast on the Kalimantan border, northeast of Ramudu, Upper Baram, 4th Division. Also in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic. Bible portions 1969. Survey needed.

SEBUYAU (SIBUYAU, SABUYAU, SIBUIAN, SIBUYAN, SABUYAN) [SNB] 9,000 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Lundu, 1st Division, mouth of the Lupa River, west bank around Sebuyau. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundic, Malayic, Malayic-Dayak, Ibanic. May be intelligible with Iban. Survey needed.

SEKAPAN (SEKEPAN) [SKP] 750 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Belaga, 7th Division. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang. May be intelligible with Kajaman. Christian (1 village). Survey needed.

SELAKO (SELEKAU, SALAKAU, SILAKAU) 3,800 in Sarawak in Kalimantan, Indonesia (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Saak, Lundu, 1st Division, 22 villages. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Sundia, Malayic, Malayic-Dayak. Gradually being adopted by the younger speakers of Lara'.

SERU Kabong, 2nd Division. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Melanau. Extinct.

SIAN (SIHAN) Belaga, 7th Division. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang. May be intelligible with Bukitan, Ukit, Punan Batu 1. Survey needed.

SIBU Sibu, 3rd Division, Rejang River. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Melanau. Dialects: SEDUAN, BANYOK. May be intelligible with Melanau. Survey needed.

TANJONG . Rejang River above the Kanowit language area, below Song village, Kapit, 7th Division. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Melanau. Survey needed.

TRING [TGQ] Long Terawan village, lower Tutoh River. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Dayic, Kelabitic. Not the same as Tringgus. Survey needed.

TRINGGUS (TRINGUS) [TRX] 350 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Southwest of Kuching, south of the Jagoi, on the Kalimantan border. Some in Kalimantan. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Land Dayak. Dialects: TRINGGUS, SEMBAAN (BIMBAAN). Each dialect has a few villages. Closer to Biatah than to Jagoi. A different language from Tring. Survey needed.

TUTONG Along the lower Limbang River. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Bisaya, Southern. Distinct from Tutong 2 in Baram-Tinjar Subgroup.

UKIT Upper Rajom and Tatau rivers, Baleh, 7th Division. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Melanau-Kajang, Kajang. It may be intelligible with Bukitan, Sian, Punan Batu 1. Distinct from the Punan Ukit dialect of Bukitan.

Sarawak : Demographics

Sarawak has more than 40 ethnic groups with their own distinct language, culture and lifestyle. Cities and larger towns are populated predominantly by Malays, Melanaus, Chinese, and a smaller percentage of Ibans and Bidayuhs who have migrated from their home-villages for employment reasons. Sarawak is rather distinctive from the rest of Malaysia in that there is only a small community of Indians living in the state.

2.1 Malay

The Malays make up 21% of the population in Sarawak. Traditionally fishermen, these seafaring people chose to form settlements on the banks of the many rivers of Sarawak. Today, many Malays have migrated to the cities where they are heavily involved in the public and private sectors and taken up various professions. Malay villages (kampungs) - a cluster of wooden houses on stilts, many of which are still located by rivers on the outskirts of major towns and cities, play home to traditional cottage industries. The Malays are famed for their wood carvings, silver and brass craftings as well as traditional Malays textile weaving with silver and gold thread (kain songket).

Malays are Muslim by religion, having brought the faith to Asia some 1000 years ago. Their religion is reflected in their culture and art and Islamic symbolism is evident in local architecture - from homes to government buildings.

2.2 Melanau

The Melanaus have been thought to be amongst the original settlers of Sarawak. Originally from Mukah (the 10th Administrative Division as launched in march 2002), the Melanaus traditionally lived in tall houses. Nowadays, they have adopted a Malay lifestyle, living in kampong-type settlements. Traditionally, Melanaus were fishermen and till today, they are reputed as some of the finest boat-builders and craftsmen.

While the Melanaus are ethnically different from the Malays, their lifestyles and practices are quite similar especially in the larger towns and cities where most Melanau have adopted the Islamic faith.

The Melanaus were believed to originally worship spirits ina practice brinking on paganism. Today many of them are Christian and Muslim, though they still celebrate traditional animist festivals such as the annual Kaul Festival.

2.3 Chinese

The Chinese first came to Sarawak as traders and explorers in the 6th Century. Today, they make up 29% of the population of Sarawak and comprise of communities built from the economic migrants of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The first Chinese migrants worked as labourers in the gold mines at Bau or on plantations. Through their clan associations, business acumen and work ethic, the Chinese organised themselves economically and rapidly dominated commerce. Today, the Chinese are amongst Sarawak's most prosperous ethnic groups.

The Sarawak Chinese belong to a wide range of dialect groups, the most significant being Hokkien, Foochow, Hakka, Teochew, Cantonese and Henghua. Hokkien and Mandarin are the most widely spoken dialects. The Chinese maintain their ethnic heritage and culture and celebrate all the major cultural festivals, most notably Chinese New Year and the Hungry Ghost Festival. The Sarawak Chinese are predominantly Buddhists and Christians.

2.4 Iban

The Ibans form the largest percentage of Sarawak's population, making up some 30%. Reputed to be the most formidable headhunters on the island of Borneo, the Ibans of today are a generous, hospitable and placid people. Because of their history as pirates and fishermen, they were conventionally referred to as the "Sea Dayaks". The early Iban settlers who migrated from Kalimantan (the Indonesian part of Borneo south of Sarawak) set up home in the river valleys of Batang Ai, the Skrang River, Saribas, and the Rajang River. The Ibans dwell in longhouses, a stilted structure comprising many rooms housing a whole community of families.

The Ibans are renowned for their Pua Kumbu (traditional Iban weavings), silver craftings, wooden carvings and beadwork. Iban tattoos which were orignally symbols of bravery for the Iban warriors have become amongst the most distinctive in the world.

The Ibans are also famous for their tuak, a sweet rice wine which is served during big celebrations and festive occasions.

Today, the majority of Ibans are practice Christianity. However, like most other ethnic groups in Sarawak, they still hold strong to their many traditional rituals and beliefs. Sarawak is unique to colourful festivals such as the Gawai Dayak (harvest festival), Gawai Kenyalang (hornbill festival) and Gawai Antu (festival of the dead).

2.5 Bidayuh

Originally from West Kalimantan, the Bidayuhs are now most numerous in the hill country of Bau and Serian, within an hour's drive from Kuching. Historically, as other tribes were migrating into Sarawak and forming settlements, the meek-natured Bidayuhs retreated further inland, hence earning them the name of "Land Dayaks". The traditional Bidayuh abode is the "baruk", a roundhouse that rises about 1.5 metres off the ground. Typical of the Sarawak indigenous groups, the Bidayuhs are well-known for their hospitality, and are reputed to be the best makers of tuak, or rice wine.

The Bidayuhs speak a number of different but related dialects. While some of them still practice traditional religions, most modern-day Bidayuhs have adopted the Christian faith.

2.6 Orang Ulu

The phrase Orang Ulu means upriver people and is a term used to collectively describe the numerous tribes that live upriver in Sarawak's vast interior. Such groups include the major Kayan and Kenyah tribes, and the smaller neighbouring groups of the Kajang, Kejaman, Punan, Ukit, and Penan. Nowadays, the definition also includes the down-river tribes of the Lun Bawang, Lun Dayeh, Murut and Berawan as well as the plateau-dwelling Kelabits. The various Orang Ulu groups togther make up roughly 5.5% of Sarawak's population. The Orang Ulu are artistic people with longhouses elaborately decorated with murals and woodcarvings. They are also well-known for their intricate beadwork detailed tattoos. The Orang Ulu tribe can also be identified by their unique music - distinctive sounds from their sape, a stringed instrument not unlike the mandolin.

A vast majority of the Orang Ulu tribe are Christians but old traditional religions are still practiced in some areas.

Some of the major tribes making up the Orang Ulu group include :

2.7 Kayan

There are approximately 15,000 Kayans in Sarawak. The Kayan tribe built their longhouses in the northern interiors of Sarawak midway on the Baram River, the upper Reiang River and the lower Tubau River, and were traditionally headhunters. They are well known for their boat making skills, which they carve from a single block of belian, the strongest of the tropical hardwoods.

Although many Kayan have become Christians, some are still practise paganistic beliefs.

2.8 Kelabit

With a population of approximately 3000, the Kelabit are inhabitants of Bario - a remote plateau in the Sarawak Highlands, slightly over 1,200 meters above sea-level. The Kelabits form a tight-knit community and practise a generations-old form of agriculture. Famous for their rice-farming, they also cultivate a variety of other crops which are suited to the cooler climate of the Highlands of Bario.

The Kelabit are predominantly Christian, the Bario Highlands having been visited by Christian missionaries many years ago.

2.9 Kenyah

There are few findings on the exact origin of the Kenyah tribe. Their heartland however, is Long San, along the Baram River. Their culture is very similar to that of the Kayan tribe with whom they live in close association. The typical Kenyah village consists of only one longhouse and the people are mainly farmers, planting rice in burnt jungle clearings.

2.10 Penan

The Penan are the only true nomadic people in Sarawak and amongst the last of the world's hunter-gatherers. The Penan make their home under the rainforest canopy, deep within the vast expanse of Sarawak's virgin jungle. Even today, the Penan continue to roam the rainforest hunting wild boar and deer with blowpipes. The Penan are skilled weavers and make high-quality rattan baskets and mats. The traditional Penan religion worships a supreme god called Bungan. However, the increasing number who have abandoned the nomadic lifestyle for settlement in longhouses have converted to Christians.

Sarawakians practice a variety of religions, including Islam, Christianity, Chinese folk religion (a fusion of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism and ancestor worship) and animism. Many converts to Christianity among the Dayak peoples also continue to practice traditional ceremonies, particularly with dual marriage rites and during the important harvest and ancestral festivals such as Gawai Dayak, Gawai Kenyalang and Gawai Antu.

Kuching Division : Transportation

Transportation

Roads within the town are of a reasonable standard, though traffic congestion often leads to long tailbacks during rush hour, and especially on Saturday mornings. Due to that Kuching is located near the equator, expect potholes to develop on the roads during the monsoon season (usually around the end of the year, coinciding with winter in the northern hemisphere). Roads leading outside of Kuching to the interior are of a slightly more dubious quality but are being upgraded from time to time, although the main resort roads (e.g. leading to Damai) are also reasonable.

Transport by taxi is reasonable but it is usually difficult to flag down one on the street since there are only popular amongst tourists. One can get a taxi from the taxi stand near the corner of the Electra House/end of India Street, in front of hotels or by contacting them through the telephone. Intrepid back-packers can try the public transport by antiquated, smoky, non-airconditioned buses or the 'van sapu' (mini-van converted into mini-buses) which offer cheaper mean of getting to places. Air transport is served by nearby Kuching International Airport, currently the subject of several expansion projects. Those trying to get a birdeye view of the City, has the option to hire a helicopter or small planes from the Hornbill Skyway.

Kuching is served by several major bus companies. Among others, Chin Liang Long Motor Vehicle Co. (traditionally blue) serving Kuching South, Matang Transport Company (yellow and orange) serving Matang-Kubah and Petra Jaya Transport Company (Black, yellow and red strips) serving Kuching North. The Sarawak Transport Company (traditionally green) and Bau Transport Company (Orange) have routes from Kuching to other smaller towns. A large portion of the buses in service are antiquated and not air conditioned. The fares are low. Although, the routes are poorly documented, the stops have no names and the buses not well known for being punctual - it is not difficult to get to places because Kuching is a friendly City and most of the people are able to communicate in simple English for directions. For tourists and tourists only, the State Ministry of Tourism has provided bus shuttles to transport tourists around Kuching.

Road signs adhere to the Road Sign Standards issued by the Ministry of Transportation. Kuching is also famous for its many large traffic circles or roundabouts. The roundabouts are efficient at handling medium scale traffic. However, as traffic continues to rise in Kuching several roundabouts have given way to traffic lights and over and underpasses.

Kuching, like most towns in Sarawak, is connected to each other by water transportation. Between the banks of Sarawak River, near the City Centers, many 'tambang' (small boats) can be seen commuting the people. For those staying along the river banks, it is a faster mean of getting to the other side where the commercial centres are located. The Wharf for express boats to further away places is now located near the Sim Keng Hong Port or known to the elderly local as Tanah Putih Port.

Sarawak : Kuching Divison

Sarawak (Jawi: سراوق) is one of the two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Known as Bumi Kenyalang (‘Land of the Hornbills’), it is situated on the north-west of the island. It is the largest state in Malaysia; the second largest, Sabah,to the northeast. The administrative capital is Kuching (pop. 579,900 (2006 census; Kuching City South - 143,500; Kuching City North - 133,600; Padawan- 3rd Mile/ 7th Mile/ 10th Mile - 302,800)) which literally means ‘cat’ (kucing). Major cities and towns also include Sibu (pop. 254,000), Miri (pop. 263,000) and Bintulu (pop. 176,800). As of last census (Dec 31, 2006), the state population was 2,357,500. For more details about the population see Demographics of Malaysia

, though it is interesting to note that Sarawak is, like Sabah to the north, a multicultural state, with no ethnic majority.

Geography

Having land area of 124,450 km² spreading between latitude 0° 50′ and 5°N and longitude 109° 36′ and 115° 40′ E, it makes up 37.5% of the land of Malaysia. Sarawak also contains large tracts of tropical rain forest home to an abundance of plant and animal species. Sarawak is currently divided into eleven Administrative Divisions: Kuching Division, Samarahan Division, Sri Aman Division, Betong Division, Sarikei Division, Sibu Division, Mukah Division, Kapit Division, Bintulu Division, Miri Division and Limbang Division.

The country stretches for some 750 km along the north east coastline of Borneo interrupted in the north by about 150 km of Brunei coast (not adding the coastline along the bays). Sarawak is separated from the Indonesian part of Borneo, Kalimantan, by ranges of high hills and mountains that are part of the central mountain range of Borneo. These get higher to the north and culuminate near the source of theBaram River with the steep Mount Batu Lawi, Mount Mulu in the Park of the same name and Mount Murud with the highest peak in Sarawak. The most important rivers are from the south to the north the Sarawak River, the Lupar River, the Saribas River, the Rajang River with 563 km the longest river in Malaysia with the Baleh River branch, the Baram River, the Limbang River that drains into the Brunei Bay as it divides the two parts of Brunei and the Trusan River that also flows into the Brunei Bay.

Sarawak can be divided into three natural regions. The coastal region is rather low lying flat country with large extents of swamps and other wet environments. The hill region provides most of the easily inhabited land. Most of the larger cities and towns have been built in this region. As the swamps make up much of the coast, the ports of Kuching and Sibu have been built some distance from the coast on rivers, while Bintulu and Miri are close to the coast at the only places that the hills stretch right to the China Sea. The third region is the mountain region along the border and with the Kelabit and Murut highlands in the north.

Kuching Division is one of the eleven administrative divisions in Sarawak, east Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. Formerly called the "First Division", it is the center and the starting point of modern Sarawak. Kuching Division has a total area of 4,559.5 square kilometers.The word Kuching comes from the word 'kucing' which brings the meaning of cat. Kuching is also known as Cat City.

Kuching Division contains three administrative districts: Kuching, Bau, and Lundu. The total population was 606,000 per the year 2000 census.

Kuching

Kuching is the capital of the East Malaysian State of Sarawak. Kuching is the most populous city in the state of Sarawak and the fourth largest city in Malaysia[3].[4] Kuching was elevated to city status on 1 August 1988.

Administration

The city of Kuching is located in the district of Kuching. The district covers an area of 1,863 square kilometres, and is one of three districts within Kuching Division. The district of Kuching is administered by three local governments. The administration of Kuching city is divided into two local governments and governed by two mayors. The northern section of Kuching is run by Dewan Bandaraya Kuching Utara (Kuching North City Hall) covering an area of 369.48 square kilometres. The southern section is administrated by Majlis Bandaraya Kuching Selatan (Kuching South City Council) covering a smaller but a more densely populated area of 61.53 square kilometres. There are those who believe that the divisions in power for the Northern (primarily Malay and Bumi residents) and Southern (primarily Chinese residents) districts came about due to ethnic reasons in the 1980s. There are also those who believe the administration is divided due to geographical reasons, as the Northern and Southern districts are linked by only two bridges spanning the Sarawak River. The third local government is Majlis Perbandaran Padawan or Padawan Municipal Council (formerly known as Kuching Rural District Council) which mainly administers the rural areas within Kuching district. It covers a large portion of Kuching district with an area of 1,431.82 square kilometres.

List of city area in Kuching

Kuching North City Hall area

Kuching North City Hall Family Cat Statues

• Bako
• Kuching City West
• Petra Jaya
• Satok
• Kuching City centre (West)
• Santubong
• Satok
• Semariang
• Bandar Baru semariang
  

Kuching South City Council area

Kuching South City Council Cat Statue

Kuching City

• Pending
• Stampin
• Tanah Putih
• Bintawa
  

History

Sarawak was a part of the Sultanate of Brunei 200 years ago but as a reward for its help in putting down a rebellion, it was ceded to a British adventurer called James Brooke who ruled it as his personal kingdom. Kuching was made his capital and headquarters. The Brooke family ruled Sarawak until the Japanese occupation in December 1941. Kuching surrendered to the Japanese forces on 24 December 1941, and Sarawak was part of the Japanese Imperial Empire for three years and eight months, until the official Japanese surrender on 11 September 1945 on board HMAS Kapunda at Kuching. From March 1942 the Japanese operated a POW and civilian internee camp at Batu Lintang, three miles (5 km) outside Kuching.[5] After the end of World War II the third and last Rajah, Sir Charles Vyner Brooke ceded Sarawak to the British Crown in 1946. Sarawak and the British Commonwealth fought an "Undeclared War" with Indonesia to keep Sarawak from being absorbed into Sukarno's Indonesia. The British gave Sarawak independence in 1963 and together with North Borneo, Sabah and Singapore, helped form Malaysia. Singapore became independent soon after.

Origin of name

The origins of its name have never been clear. "Kuching" does translate into "cat" in Malay [6], "kuching" is an old Malay spelling, whereas the new official Malay spelling today would be "kucing" but both of them are pronounced the same, in specific reference to the domesticated cat but it may actually be a variation of the Indian name for "port" - "Cochin". Kuching was first settled by Indian traders who set up base at Santubong. Artifacts of Hindu origin can today be seen at the State Museum. There are also strange artifacts found at Santubong which illustrate the area being visited by large, bipedal cats, possibly aliens of feline origin. This is the most likely origin for the name.

The city has never been remembered for having a significantly larger population of cats when compared to others. In fact, the many cat statues, the Kuching Cat Museum and other association with cats have been part of a modern effort of tourism; many travel brochures refer to Kuching as "Cat City" or the "City of Cats". Otherwise, they hold no real meaning for the residents and are not considered by locals as romantic.

There are other theories which attribute the name to a fruit called "mata kucing" or "cat's eye"; it would seem that trees bearing this fruit used to grow in abundance by the river banks - where the city proper lies today. There is a hill in the heart of the old city called Bukit Mata Kuching which could have been as responsible.

Geography

Kuching is situated at the banks of the Sarawak River on the North-Western part of the island of Borneo. The longitude and latitude of Kuching is 01°33' N, 110°25' E.

The climate in Kuching is tropical, moderately hot and receives substantial rainfall. The average annual rainfall is approximately 4,000 mm or 160 inches^[7]. Kuching is the wettest city in Malaysia. The wettest times are during the North-East Monsoon months of November to February. The temperature of Kuching ranges from 20 °C to 36 °C but the average temperature is around 23 °C in the early hours of the morning and rises to around 32 °C in the mid afternoon. This temperature stays almost constant throughout the year if it is not affected by the heavy rain and strong winds during the early hours of the morning which would rarely bring the temperature down to 20 °C. The temperature would also rise to 38 °C under rare cases due to the haze caused by open burning from Indonesia during the dry season. The haze occurs annually around mid year in Kuching.

Demographics

Kuching is the 4th largest urban area in Malaysia, after Kuala Lumpur-Klang Valley, Ipoh and Johor Bahru.

It was also voted as the healthiest and cleanest city in Malaysia, as well as in the World, which recognised and awarded by both United Nations (UN) and World Health Organisation (WHO) ^[9] and by the Alliance for Healthy Cities (AFHC) in Suzhou, China.^[10]

The population of 579,900 (2006 census; Kuching City South - 143,500; Kuching City North - 133,600; Padawan- 3rd Mile/ 7th Mile/ 10th Mile - 302,800) in the city is made up of a mixture of Chinese (220,400), Malays (207,000), Ibans (58,100) and some Indians and other ethnic groups. The Dayaks can be further categorized into Ibans, Bidayuhs, Melanaus and many others. The Chinese are made up of Fujianese (Hokkien) in the city areas and Hakka in the suburbs mainly. Other Chinese consist of Foochow (Fuzhou), Teochew, Hainanese, Cantonese, Henghua and others. Interracial marriages among ethnics in Kuching are also very popular. The main religions of the peoples of Kuching are Christianity, Buddhism, Taoism and Islam. Malays practice Islam and all Malays are Muslim by definition. Chinese practice either Buddhism, Taoism or Christianity. Most aborigines are Christian except the Melanaus who are mainly Muslim.

The majority of people in Kuching are capable of communicating in Bahasa Melayu (Malay Language) as well as English. English is widely spoken in Kuching despite the fact that it is not the first language for many people. The dialect of the Malay language spoken in Kuching is known as Bahasa Melayu Sarawak (Sarawakian Malay Language), which has lexical differences with the dialect spoken in Peninsular Malaysia.

On top of Malay and English, Kuchingites can usually speak his or her own ethnic dialect/language. An Iban can speak Iban, a Bidayuh speak Bidayuh and the Chinese usually several Chinese dialects, the most common are being Hokkien and Mandarin in Kuching. More recently however, Mandarin has supposedly become more widely spoken than Hokkien since it is well known by all other Chinese and is the language of instruction in Chinese vernacular schools. For the Bidayuhs, the dialect of Bidayuh spoken in one kampung/village may vary greatly with another kampung/village. It is also common to find people who can speak more than just Malay, English and their native tongue, not only due to the wide practice of mixed marriages but because of the close rapport amongst the people of Kuching.

A small minority however, speak English as their first language.

Future & On going developments

• Boulevard Shopping Complex - A new regional mall located along Jalan Datuk Tawi Sli in the 4th Mile area, the major tenant are Boulevard Department Store & Hypermarket, with some 720,000 sq ft (67,000 m²) of net lettable area, which will be the largest one-stop lifestyle mall in the state. It expected to be completed by 10 October 2007, phase I of the mall will be open on December 2007, while phase II of the mall will be ready in November 2008.
• Dewan Undangan Negeri - A new Sarawak State legislative assembly complex.
• Federal Administrative Center - A new Federal Administrative Center will be establish in Matang area, costing RM2 billion to build, it expected to be completed by 2025.
• Grand Centro - The biggest shopping complex cum hotel apartment project in King's Centre, Kuching, with some 1,200,000 square feet (110,000 m²) of gross building area.
• Green Heights Mall - Kuching's first suburban neighbourhood small mall, with an international cold storage market, with some 4,000 m² of leasable space, will be open on early 2008.
• Imperial Hotel Apartment - The building is consists together with Boulevard Shopping Complex, the hotel apartment will offering up to 700 units of rooms. It expected to be completed by June 2009, will be open on December 2009.
• Isthmus Hypermarket Mall - The mall is part of the Kuching City Extension plan, will house a hypermarket & retail shoplots all under one roof, and when completed it expected to be the largest shopping mall in the region.
• Kuching Tower - A 315 rooms 5-star hotel cum office complex, standing 39-storey or 150 metres tall, will be Borneo tallest building.
• Matang Highway - This RM314.6 million project covers the construction of a 2-lane, dual-carriageway road, a gateway bridge over the Selang Rambungan River and a minor bridge over the Matang Sebubut River. Construction of this highway commenced in July 2002 and is targeted for completion in May 2007. Upon completion, the road will enable direct Kuching-Lundu access, thereby relieving congestion on the existing Matang Road.
• Mudajaya New Township - The project comprises a new satellite township to be built on 265 acres (1.1 km²) of land. The township will be a self-contained township comprising apartments, condominiums, shophouses, shopping complexes, offices, private hospital, public and private schools and college, wet and dry markets, recreational park, town squares, sports and swimming facilities, bus terminal, police station, entertainment centres and hawker centres. The entire project is expected to be completed by 2015 and is expected to generate a total Gross Development Value of more than RM1 billion. ^[18]
• Novotel Interhill Kuching - An international 388 rooms 4-star hotel cum 3-storey up-market shopping centre, with about 140,000 sq ft (13,000 m²) of retail space, It will be a 23-storey building with 2 underground basements. ^[19]
• One TJ - Sarawak first ICT shopping mall will be develop in the Heights Drive commercial centre, with some 67,500 sq ft (6,270 m²) of leasable area, it expected to be completed by mid-2008.
• Plaza Merdeka - A brand new CBD shopping mall with 350,000 sq ft (33,000 m²) of nett leasable area (built up - 550,000 sq ft (51,000 m²)) plus a 290 room Boutique hotel complex (built up - 175,000 sq ft (16,300 m²)) located in the historic heart of Kuching, it expected to be ready in mid-2010.
• Samariang Mall - A new 3-storey shopping mall located in Bandar Baru Samariang new township.^]
• Sarawak International Medical Centre
• The Spring - The largest lifestyle shopping mall in the state, situated in Kenyalang, will be open on early 2008, covering some 420,000 sq ft (39,000 m²) of net lettable area (built up - 1.2mln sq ft), the anchor tenant is Parkson Grand Department Store. ^[24]
• University Malaysia Sarawak - UNIMAS will have its new campus in Samarahan Division or near the old campus of UNIMAS, it spread out to 2,000 acres (8 km²) of area, the project costing RM1.5 billion, it expected to be completed by 2015.

Cloudy Kuching

Medan Pelita New Look

This is Medan Pelita New Look.. like a paint advertisement..hehe so colourful

Sarawak Official State Song

This is sarawak official state song,compose and written by Dato' Haji Wan Othman

Ibu pertiwiku ( My motherland)

Sarawak Tanah Airku

Negeri Ku Tanah Air Ku Sarawak

Engkaulah Tanah Pusaka Ku

Tanah Tumpah Darah Ku

Ibu Pertiwi Ku

Rakyat Hidup Mesra dan Bahagia

Damai Muhibbah Sentiasa

Bersatu Berusaha Berbakti

Untuk Sarawak Ku Cintai

Sarawak Dalam Malaysia

Aman Makmur Rahmat Tuhan Maha Esa

Kekallah Sarawak Bertuah

Teras Perjuangan Rakyat

Berjaya Berdaulat

Sitemeter

i just checked my sitemeter..how many people did view my blogspot, and i just know that we also can check from where the person view my blog.

i'm so suprised that somebody in Israel and USA did view my blog...haha who are they and how come they can just spot my blog...

mm..but anywayif you understand Malay language you can read my blog but for sure i will also blogging in English ..

this things look very interesting to me,..m

Malaysian Time,Jam Melayu,Jam Jepun,Jam Cina dan Jam Mexico

Sekarang jam menunjukkan jam 11.19 malam waktu malaysia(Malaysian Time).Sebentar tadi dalam lingkungan jam 10 malam aku baru selesai menonton My Team tajaan Hotlink..kiranya pemain amatur yang dilatih untuk melawan pasukan profesional.Tapi aku bukan mahu bercerita tentang Hotlink,Bola ataupun line telephone akan tetapi aku memetik kata-kata dari Bojan(Bukan Bohjan sedara bohsia ataupun Melayu Boyan ataupun kampung Boyan di Kuching) akan tetapi Bojan jurulatih pasukan MyTeam nih..

Bila diwawancara secara spontan,Bojan memberitahu peserta yang Shebby(Assistant Coach) akan datang lewat oleh kerana menyertai pasukan veteran malaysia melawan veteran Singapura.Dan sekali lagi aku tak bercerita pasal Bola Sepak,Mokhtar Dahari,Khairy Jamaluddin ataupun Tengku Ahmad Shah.

Jadi kata Bojan,Shebby akan datang lambat dan berjanji akan datang pada pukul 9.00 Malaysian Time,sambung Bojan lagi Malaysian Time yang dikatakannya adalah tidak semestinya jam 9 tepat akan tetapi mungkin jam 9.15..9.30 bahkan mungkin 9.59..

habitual Malaysian...

aku bukan nak mengatakan shebby ni tak menepati masa akan tetapi ini adalah satu habitual sebahagian masyarakat melayu dan rakyat malaysia..mungkin masyarakat Melayu biasa dengan istilah Jam Melayu atau janji melayu..pukul 3 janji..pukul 3.30 atau pukul 4 dia datang..ia seolah olah menjadi satu habit kebiasaan dan sebutan seharian masyarakat..tapi nak kata perkara ni terjadi dalam sebahagian masyarakat melayu saja mungkin tidaklah logik juga..bahkan masyarakat lain juga memang ada mengalami situasi yang sama.

Masa zaman persekolahan dulu,semasa menunggu kawan..jadi aku pun bermonolog tentang kawan aku yang lambat datang nih..ish jam melayu nih..

jadi kebetulan seorang rakan yang ada kat situ yang berketurunan cina bertanya.."Apa itu Jam Melayu"..mungkin fikirnya jam yang dipakai oleh orang melayu atau jam dibuat oleh orang melayu atau apa apa kaitan diantara jam dan melayu..

Jadi aku pun menerangkanlah dengan sesimple dan ringkas pada member aku ni dan terus disambut dengan ketawa olehnya..jawabnya lagi kalau jam melayu atau janji melayu ..berjanji jam 9 datang jam 10, masyarakat cina pula ada janji cina,berjanji jam 9 ..berjumpa jam 12..

hmmm mungkin ada cuma aku yang belum mengalaminya..mungkin ada juga wujud istilah jam iban,jam kayan,jam kadazan,jam india,jam senoi,jam kedayan atau sebagainya..

seorang rakan juga pernah bercerita tentang jam atau janji masyarakat antarabangsa.. jam mexico atau janji mexico dan jam atau janji jepun..sifat nya amat bertentangan dan berlawanan

Jam jepun berjanji jam 8 pagi.... jam 7 sudah datang

Jam Mexico berjanji jam 8 pagi..jam 8 pagi esok dia datang ...hehehe

Jadi jam masyarakat melayu dan masyarakat malaysia tidaklah seteruk yang disangka..

Jerebu,Panas dan Hujan

akhirnya aku menulis blog dalam bahasa melayu lagi(bukan bahasa malaysia ya) bukannya apa,secara jujur english aku memang tak berapa bagus atau memang tak bagus..kalau baca dan bercakap boleh tapi kalau part menulis halamak..memang hancus and haprak tapi anyway aku akan try jugak memblog dan meng goblok dalam english dengan kata lainnya try to improve my english ..hahaha

sekarang cuaca di kuching amatlah gila,mungkinsegila bujang tet yang suka berjalan atau wahab gila dan musa gila di miri..tapi ini bukan cerita pasal orang gila..nanti aku akan cerita pasal orang gila.sekarang aku akan cerita pasal kegilaan cuaca..dalam hujung bulan 7 hingga hari ini pertengahan bulan 8..cuaca panas begitu panas seperti panas di gurunsahara( haha aku belum pernah pergi ke padang pasir..kecuali padang pasir di kuching which is pasar basah lama di kuching) mungkin tempat lain di dunia ni memang panas jugak masa ni,mungkin di Abu dhabi panas jugak,mungkin di papua new guinea panas juga,mungkin di shanghai panas jugak..jangan jauhlah mungkin di jelebu atau di miri panas jugak.tapi yang pastinya memang panas..

lebih lebih lagi kalau naik motorsikal ke hulu kehilir dalam jam12 tengah hari..perghh..telur ayam boleh masak kalau letak tengah tengah padang merdeka.di selang seli dengankepanasan membara ni pulak datang jerebu..kalau petang jam 5 ..matahari pun nampak seperti oren sunquick...mana tak asap asap dan asap..

musim ini sebenarnya musim selepas gawai di mana kalau kat kampung kampung yang ada menanam padi lepas diorang tuai diorang dah start clearing sawah and hutan and burn..burn..bakar semua untuk penanaman semula..mana tak nya jerebu..jangan salahkan indonesia saja pasal jerebu ni..local community perlu diajar macam mana nak gunakan bahan bahan ni..seperi compos and tebusguna..

tapi disebalik kejerebuan dankepanasan ni..tiba tiba jugak diselitkan ngan hujan dan angin yang diluar dugaan...and sekarang memang bukan musim hujan tapi angin dan hujannya memang luar dugaan..kalau orang berniaga malam hari memang garu kepala bila hujan macam ni..

ikut cerita member aku yang ada balik dari miri and kl..cuacanya pun memnag serupa juga..unexpected weather...ish..memang dunia ni dah sakit ...bukan sakit TB,Malaria atau Diabetes tapi memang dah sakit sebab banyak kerosakannya

ni ada keratan suratkhabar tentang punca jerebu di sarawak..

Open burning in Sarawak contributing to haze

By STEPHEN THEN

MIRI: Open burning of agriculture waste in interior plantations has resulted in numerous incidents of wildfires in different parts of central and northern Sarawak; with many of these fires already measuring more than a square kilometre each.

These domestic sources of fires are starting to cause a veil of haze in several interior settlements in Kapit, as well as in coastal areas in the southern parts of Miri.

These fires within Sarawak are already visible as hotspots in satellite images.

Sarawak Natural Resources and Environment Board (NREB) chief enforcement officer Dania Goyog, when contacted today, acknowledged that there are plantations operating in the central and northern regions that are currently carrying out open-burning activities.

He admitted there are some big fires ravaging in these plantations.

"These plantation companies had recently applied for permits from the NREB to burn their waste products. When we issued them the permits, the weather conditions throughout the state was good and there was no danger of haze or serious air pollution.

"The permits we issued them was for controlled burning on a limited scale. However, if the hazy situation in various parts of the state now gets worse, we will call for a total halt on open burning in the plantations.

"The permits we issued them can be revoked any time as and when we deem fit," he said when asked to comment on the fires which may get bigger if the weather becomes dry.

Sarawak is now experiencing strange weather changes. There was heavy rain less than a month ago and now the weather has became hot and dry, prompting plantation companies involved in the oil palm and timber industries to start open burning to get rid of their waste products.

When asked under what conditions the NREB would revoke the open-burning permits, Goyog said the board would do so as soon as the air pollutant index (API) reaches the unhealthy level at the specific area in question.

The NREB, he added, had also received information that there are forest fires in Kalimantan Borneo. If the haze from the Indonesian side were to sweep into Sarawak, and the domestic fires in Sarawak were to get bigger, the transboundary and domestic sources of haze would together create a sharp increase in the air pollutant index as was the case in recent years

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